Master Topic 3 of the updated IB Environmental Systems and Societies (ESS) course with this comprehensive student workbook, fully aligned to the syllabus for first examinations in 2026.

This workbook helps students build a strong understanding of biodiversity and conservation, from the evolutionary origins of life’s diversity to the human activities driving species toward extinction and the strategies used to reverse that trend. Through guided notes, structured practice activities, exam-style questions, and a complete answer key, students develop the knowledge and skills needed to succeed in IB ESS. Designed for both Standard Level (SL) and Higher Level (HL) students, it provides a clear pathway through the most important concepts, terminology, and assessment objectives in Topic 3.

Whether used in the classroom, for homework, revision, independent study, or exam preparation, this workbook encourages active learning and helps students develop the analytical and evaluation skills required for success in IB ESS.

What You’ll Learn

Topic 3.1: Biodiversity and Evolution

Students explore:

The three levels of biodiversity: habitat diversity, species diversity, and genetic diversity
How each component of biodiversity contributes to the resilience of ecological systems
Evolution by natural selection, including variation, overproduction, competition, and differential survival
Speciation and the role of reproductive isolation in generating new species
Species diversity as a product of richness and evenness
Simpson’s reciprocal index as a tool for measuring and comparing species diversity
How citizen science and parabiologists contribute to our knowledge of global biodiversity
The geological timescale and the role of mass extinctions in reshaping biodiversity
The Anthropocene as a proposed geological epoch defined by human-driven environmental change
Mutation, sexual reproduction, and mechanisms of reproductive isolation (HL)
Biodiversity hotspots and the uneven global distribution of species (HL)
How human activities have altered natural selection, including the example of tuskless elephants in Gorongosa, Mozambique (HL)
Artificial selection, genetic diversity, and species resilience (HL)

Topic 3.2: Human Impact on Biodiversity

Students investigate:

Direct and indirect threats to biological diversity, including overharvesting, poaching, habitat loss, pollution, and invasive alien species
How multiple human impacts interact and amplify each other when ecosystem resilience is reduced
Invasive alien species and the mechanisms by which they reduce local biodiversity
The IUCN Red List and the criteria used to assess the global conservation status of species
Three named species case studies: one extinct, one critically endangered, and one whose status has improved through intervention
The tragedy of the commons and its implications for the sustainable management of shared resources
Biodiversity hotspots and the particular vulnerability of tropical biomes to habitat destruction (HL)
Key biodiversity areas (KBAs) and the conflicts between exploitation, sustainable development, and conservation (HL)
Traditional indigenous approaches to land management and the challenges they face (HL)
Environmental justice in the context of conservation efforts (HL)

Topic 3.3: Conservation and Regeneration

Students examine:

The ecological, economic, social, and ethical arguments for conserving biodiversity
Species-based conservation and ex situ strategies, including botanic gardens, zoos, CITES, and seed banks
Habitat-based conservation and in situ strategies, including national parks, reserves, and sanctuaries
Mixed conservation approaches using flagship and keystone species to justify habitat protection
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Nagoya Protocol
The design of effective nature reserves and national parks, including edge effects, wildlife corridors, and buffer zones in UNESCO biosphere reserves
Rewilding as a strategy for regenerating natural processes in ecosystems
How environmental perspectives and value systems influence the choice of conservation strategies
How conservation and regeneration measures contribute to maintaining a safe operating space within the biodiversity planetary boundary
The role of international, governmental, and non-governmental organizations in conservation (HL)
Positive feedback loops triggered by rewilding and habitat restoration (HL)
The benefits and limitations of rewilding projects, with named examples including the Knepp Estate and Gorongosa National Park (HL)
Ecotourism and its potential benefits and negative societal and ecological impacts (HL)
Evaluating the success of conservation and regeneration measures at multiple levels (HL)

What’s Included

✔ Coverage of all Topic 3 syllabus statements for SL and HL

✔ Content aligned to the updated IB ESS syllabus (first examinations 2026)

✔ Separate sections for SL and HL content

✔ Key vocabulary tables with space for definitions and named examples

✔ Guided notes that mirror IB assessment language and command terms

✔ Structured practice activities including data analysis and case study investigation

✔ Exam-style short-answer and extended-response questions

✔ Critical-thinking opportunities aligned with Assessment Objectives AO2 and AO3

✔ Complete answer key included

Why Students Love This Workbook

Unlike traditional revision notes, this workbook actively engages students in the learning process. The guided activities are designed around the language and command terms used in IB assessments, helping learners build confidence while developing the skills required to analyze, explain, compare, evaluate, and justify environmental concepts.

Students can use the workbook throughout the course or as a focused revision tool before assessments.

Ideal For

IB Environmental Systems and Societies students
Standard Level (SL) students
Higher Level (HL) students
IB teachers seeking ready-to-use classroom resources
Homeschool learners following the IB curriculum
Students preparing for quizzes, tests, and final examinations

Product Details

Format: Digital PDF Download

Course: IB Environmental Systems and Societies (ESS)

Topic: Topic 3 – Biodiversity and Conservation

Level: SL and HL

Answer Key: Included

Author: Bradley M Kremer

Publisher: IB ESSentials

Syllabus Alignment: First Examinations 2026

Important Information

This resource is independently produced and is not endorsed by or affiliated with the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO).

Your purchase includes a license for individual educational use unless otherwise specified.

Explore additional IB ESS workbooks, revision resources, study guides, and teaching materials at ibessentials.org.

IB ESS Topic 3 – Biodiversity and conservation

IB ESS Topic 3 Student Workbook: Biodiversity and Conservation (SL/HL, 2026) | PDF with Answer Key